Adverbs
ADVERBS OF MANNER
Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens. They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object.
Examples:
- He swims well, (after the main verb)
- He ran… rapidly, slowly, quickly..
- She spoke… softly, loudly, aggressively..
- James coughed loudly to attract her attention.
- He plays the flute beautifully. (after the object)
- He ate the chocolate cake greedily.
BE CAREFUL! The adverb should not be put between the verb and the object:
- He ate greedily the chocolate cake [incorrect]
- He ate the chocolate cake greedily [correct]
If there is a preposition before the object, e.g. at, towards, we can place the adverb either before the preposition or after the object.
Example:
- The child ran happily towards his mother.
- The child ran towards his mother happily.
Sometimes an adverb of manner is placed before a verb + object to add emphasis:
- He gently woke the sleeping woman.
Some writers put an adverb of manner at the beginning of the sentence to catch our attention and make us curious:
- Slowly she picked up the knife.
(We want to know what happened slowly, who did it slowly, why they did it slowly)
However, adverbs should always come AFTER intransitive verbs (=verbs which have no object).
Example:
- The town grew quickly
- He waited patiently
Also, these common adverbs are almost always placed AFTER the verb:
- well
- badly
- hard
- fast
The position of the adverb is important when there is more than one verb in a sentence. If the adverb is placed after a clause, then it modifies the whole action described by the clause.
Notice the difference in meaning between the following pairs of sentences:
- She quickly agreed to re-type the letter (= her agreement was quick)
- She agreed to re-type the letter quickly (= the re-typing was quick)
- He quietly asked me to leave the house (= his request was quiet)
- He asked me to leave the house quietly (= the leaving was quiet)
adjectives -ed x -ing
Wh- questions
Infinitive of purpose
Se usa para expresar o motivo por que se faz algo.
Se forma: sujeto + verbo + infinitivo com ‘to’
EXEMPLO I went to Madrid to learn Spanish.
(Fui a Madrid para aprender español).
Pregunta: Why do you go to the gym
(Por que você vai a academia?)
Resposta: I go to the gym to get fit.
(Vou para a academia para ficar em forma)
Exercícios:
1. Why did you travel to London? (go sightseeing)
2. Why do you walk to work. (save money)
3. Why did you go to the supermarket? (buy some cheese)
4. Why did he go to Scotland? (visit some friends)
5. Why did you phone your sister? (have a chat)
Future going to |
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| |
|---|
| 1 O future “going to” tem as seguintes formas: na afirmativa: |
| Full Form | Significado | |
|---|---|---|
| I am going to do | eu vou fazer (1) | |
| you are going to do | tu vais fazer (1) | |
| he she it |
is going to do | ele(a) vai fazer (1) |
| we are going to do | nós vamos fazer (1) | |
| you are going to do | vós ides fazer (1) | |
| they are going to do | eles(as) vão fazer (1) | |
| As formas contraídas na afirmativa são: I‘m / you‘re / he’s / she’s / it’s / we‘re / they‘re going to do (1) A tradução (para a língua portuguesa) da conjugação do future ”going to” é apenas um exemplo entre várias outras possibilidades, estando este tempo verbal dependente do contexto de uma frase. na negativa: |
| Full Form | Short Form | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| I am not going to do | |||
| you are not going to do | you aren’t going to do | ||
| he she it |
is not going to do | he she it |
isn’t going to do |
| we are not going to do | we aren’t going to do | ||
| you are not going to do | you aren’t going to do | ||
| they are not going to do | they aren’t going to do | ||
| As outras formas contraídas na negativa são: I‘m / you‘re / he’s / she’s / it’s / we‘re / they‘re not going to do na interrogativa: |
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| na interrogativa negativa: |
| Full Form | Short Form | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| am I not going to do? | aren’t I going to do? | ||||
| are you not going to do? | aren’t you going to do? | ||||
| is | he she it |
not going to do? | isn’t | he she it |
going to do? |
| are we not going to do? | aren’t we going to do? | ||||
| are you not going to do? | aren’t you going to do? | ||||
| are they not going to do? | aren’t they going to do? | ||||
| nas respostas breves: |
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| 2 O future “going to” forma-se da seguinte maneira: |
| BE + GOING TO + (base do verbo) |
|---|
| onde BE = verbo auxiliar be no present tense (ex. am, is, are) Na negativa, adiciona-se not a seguir ao verbo auxiliar be. Na interrogativa, invertem-se o verbo auxiliar be e o sujeito. 3 Emprega-se o future “going to” para: (a) prever algo num futuro imediato ou próximo. A previsão baseia-se no que sabemos, vemos, ou sentimos no momento em que falamos: |
| Example | Significado |
|---|---|
| They‘re going to talk to her. | Eles(as) vão falar com ela. |
| Look at the clouds! I think it’s going to rain. |
Veja as nuvens! Acho que vai chover. |
| (b) exprimir uma intenção, um plano, ou uma decisão: |
| Example | Significado |
|---|---|
| I‘m going to buy a car next month. | Vou comprar um carro na próxima semana. |
| I‘m going to show you how to use this machine. | Vou mostrar-lhe como se utiliza esta máquina. |
| 4 Embora a combinação entre “going to + go” (ou “going to + come”) seja possível, a mesma é normalmente evitada por falta de boa sonância. Como alternativa, emprega-se o tempo verbal present continuous: |
| Example | Significado |
|---|---|
| I‘m going to the cinema tonight. (em vez de) I‘m going to go to the cinema tonight. |
Vou ao cinema esta noite. |
| Are you coming to the party tonight? (em vez de) Are you going to come to the party tonight? |
Vens à festa esta noite? |
Exercises:
Tongue Twister
By Edu Burmann
1. Módulo básico
Em português: Três bruxas observam três relógios Swatch. Qual bruxa
observa qual relógio Swatch?
Em inglês: Three witches watch three Swatch watches. Which witch watch
which Swatch watch?
2. Módulo avançado Em português: Três bruxas transexuais observam os botões de três relógios
Swatch. Que bruxa transexual observa os botões de que relógio Swatch?Em inglês: Three switched witches watch three Swatch watch switches.
Which switched wich watch which Swatch watch switch? 3. E agora, para especialistas. ..Em português: Três bruxas suecas transexuais observam os botões de três
relógios Swatch suíços. Que bruxa sueca transexual observa que botão de
que relógio Swatch suíço?Em inglês: Three Swedish switched witches watch three Swiss Swatch watch
switches. Which Swedish switched witch watch which Swiss Swatch watch
witch?
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